R. Crumb

Known for: underground comix; Mr. Natural and Fritz the Cat

Robert Crumb developed the visual language of American underground comix in the late 1960s — Mr. Natural, Fritz the Cat, the Keep on Truckin' figures — drawing on nineteenth-century popular illustration and jazz iconography with a line of obsessive detail that was immediately recognizable. He moved to France in 1991, having found American celebrity culture intolerable. A documentary by Terry Zwigoff, Crumb (1994), won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize and remains one of the most intimate portraits of any visual artist on film.