Edvard Munch

Known for: The Scream (1893); Norwegian Expressionism

Edvard Munch developed a painting practice rooted in psychological autobiography — his mother died when he was five, his sister when he was thirteen — that expressed interior emotional states through simplified color and agitated line in works that anticipated Expressionism by more than a decade. The Scream (1893), of which he made four versions, is among the most recognized images in Western art. He donated more than 1,000 paintings and thousands of drawings and prints to the city of Oslo, which established the Munch Museum in his honor.