Anselm Kiefer trained with Joseph Beuys and developed a painting practice that confronts German history - the Third Reich, Norse mythology, Kabbalah - through monumental canvases incorporating lead, straw, photographs, and other materials into surfaces of enormous physical density. His early work, in which he photographed himself making the Nazi salute in various European locations, was initially dismissed as provocative; he is now widely considered the most significant German artist of his generation. He moved to southern France in 1991 and to Paris in 2008.
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Winsor & Newton has manufactured artists' oil colours in London since 1832, and its professional-grade line remains one of the most widely used in studio painting worldwide. The range covers more than 120 pigments, each ground in cold-pressed linseed or safflower oil to a standard of consistency that has changed little since the nineteenth century. Lucian Freud and Francis Bacon were among the many painters who worked from the Winsor & Newton range throughout their careers.
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Willem de Kooning