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Elia Kazan directed A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), and East of Eden (1955) while simultaneously maintaining a career as a stage director who helped establish Method acting in America through the Actors Studio. On the Waterfront won him the Academy Award for Best Director and remains contested for its perceived endorsement of his 1952 HUAC testimony, in which he named former colleagues as Communist Party members. He received an honorary Academy Award in 1999 to a divided audience.
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The Mitchell BNC (Blimped Newsreel Camera) was the standard studio motion picture camera in Hollywood from the 1930s through the 1960s. Its rock-steady registration, optical viewfinder, and compatibility with studio lighting rigs made it the instrument of classical Hollywood cinematography.
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Billy Wilder